Abstract
Pinyari canal off-takes from Kotri Barrage which is last structure constructed at Indus River located at latitude 25°20'36.99"N and longitude 68°24'36.17"E nearby Hyderabad city, Sindh Pakistan. This canal is non-perennial which supplies water in wet season for agriculture, industrial and domestic but in dry season only for industrial and drinking purposes to Hyderabad, Tando Muhammad Khan and Sajawal Districts. As the canal is passing across the Hyderabad city, therefore, large and small industrial enterprises, urban wastewater and solid waste are being disposed off into it. Due to the direct discharge of untreated effluent into the canal, the quality of canal water is degrading at an alarming rate and do not meet NEQS. Meanwhile, about 319 industrial units have been installed in SITE Hyderabad area that are operating without any in-house treatment plants and their effluent about 60 MGD is disposed off into the canal. Different types of highly toxic chemicals are used during manufacturing process of various items. For dyeing only leather, million tones of salts and other chemical are used. The solid waste of domestic, encroached area, hospitals and slaughterhouses, containing tissues, organs, blood, drugs and chemicals, are one of the biggest sources of pollutants and being discharged directly into canal. The contaminated water of this canal is being consumed for drinking by millions of people without any treatment because ground water of canal command is highly saline which is not fit for drinking. Hence, this situation has led to create of various water-borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera, hepatitis migraine, gastroenteritis, etc.
Keyword(s)
Canal water, Domestic waste, Effluent, solid waste, NEQS, MGD