Comparison of Study Material and its Approaches Used in Formal and Distance Education

Abstract

Study material is a compulsory component of distance as well as formal system of education. Effective education process is impossible unless using effective study materials for learners. Study material and teaching techniques used in formal and distance education are different in nature due to difference of demands of modes. This study was designed on “Comparison of study material and its approaches used in formal and distance education”. The objectives of this study were; to explore the deficiency in material written for formal and distance education, to identify the approaches used in formal and distance education and suggest the possible measures for the improvement of material and approaches used in formal and distance education. The population of study was students and teachers/tutors of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) and University of Education (UE). For distance education Rawalpindi and Lahore Region were selected whereas for Formal system Lahore and Okara Region were selected. Questionnaires on five points rating scale were drafted for students and teachers/tutors. Their responses were recorded and analysis of data was made through mean. The main findings of study were the study material of both systems was written by competent authority. The format of study material of both systems of education was in a sequence. Discussion and lecture methods were used as regard to distance education. TV and radio programmes were prepared and presented at proper time from AIOU. However, there were some deficiencies found in both systems. i.e. the study material in AIOU has built in activities whereas in the formal systems built in activities are not included in their material. Teleconference facilities were not used in both systems. Thus, it is recommended that teleconference facilities may be provided in both system and built-in activities may be given in formal system of education.